پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و تحلیل تجربهای از به‌کارگیری یادگیری مشارکتی در آموزش عالی ایران پرداخته است. به این منظور، مطالعهای طولی به روش اقدام پژوهی در دو نیمسال تحصیلی در یکی از دانشگاه‌های کشور و در رشته علوم تربیتی صورت گرفته است. مشارکتکنندگان پژوهش را دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی رشته علوم تربیتی تشکیل دادهاند. دادههای این پژوهش، از طریق پرسشنامه بسته و باز پاسخ، مصاحبه فردی و گروهی، مشاهده مشارکتی از کلاس درس و یادداشتهای خود شرح‌حال‌نویسی استاد جمعآوری شده است. دادههای کمّی با روش آمار توصیفی و دادههای کیفی از طریق کدگذاری و مقولهبندی تحلیل شدهاند. تلفیق تحلیل کمّی و کیفی نشانگر وجود دو نوع مقوله «فرایند» و «برآیند» در تبیین تجربه مذکور بود. مقوله فرایند، خود شامل زیرمقولههای «گروهبندی»، «روش کار»، «تکالیف»، «روابط و تعاملات»، «احساس مسئولیت» و «جدی گرفتن فرایند یادگیری مشارکتی» بود. مقولهی برآیند نیز خود شامل زیرمقولههای «مهارتها» و «نگرش» بود. درنهایت، پیشنهاد‌هایی نیز برای بهبود عمل از تحلیل دادهها استخراج شد که بر اساس آنها مدل بهبود یافتهای برای عمل در آینده حاصل شد که خود، مقدمه اجرای پژوهش دیگری را فراهم می‌کند.
An analysis of experience of applying "cooperative learning" in higher education
نویسندگان [English]
Azimehsadat Khakbaz
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]
This research studied and analyzed an experience of applying cooperative learning in Iranian higher education. To this aim, a longitude study was done through action research in two academic semesters in one of the universities in educational science discipline. Participants of this research were bachelor students in educational science discipline. Data of this research were gathered by open and close response questionnaires, individual and group interviews, cooperative observation of classes and autobiographies of the professor. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by coding and making themes. Integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed two themes in this experience: "process" and "outcome". Process itself composed of subthemes named "grouping", "method", "assignments", "relations and interactions", "responsibility" and "get serious process of cooperative learning". Outcome also includes subthemes named "skills" and "attitudes". Finally, some recommendations were extracted from data analysis to betterment the practice upon which another improved model was obtained for future that provides the preparations of another research.
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