نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
هدف تحقیق حاضر، تحلیل محتوای کتاب‌های زبان انگلیسی مقطع متوسطه اول مدارس ایران با عنوان Prospectبر اساس فرایندهای چهارگانۀ نظریۀ یادگیری زایشی (یادگیری، زایش، خلقمعنا، انگیزش) است. بدین منظور، بر اساس این چهار فرایند اصلی چکلیستی تهیه گردید. چهار متخصص آموزش زبان و 21 معلم زبان به ارزیابی 9 درس منتخب سه کتاب بر اساس این چکلیست پرداختند. روایی محتوایی این چکلیست بر اساس نظر 2 متخصص آموزش زبان مورد تأیید قرار گرفت و پایایی درونی و بیرونی رتبهدهندگان برای این چکلیست معنادار بود. سپس میانگینهای به دست آمده با استفاده از روش ارزیابی درونی (internal evaluation) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج ارزیابی درونی نشان میدهد که کتاب‌های Prospect از نظر فرایند زایشی موفق، از نظر فرایند خلق معنا متوسط و از نظر فرایندهای یادگیری و انگیزش ضعیف ارزیابی شدهاند. همچنین، این کتاب‌ها از نظر توانایی تعمیم مطالب به محیط‌های غیرآموزشی که از اهداف روش تعاملی آموزش زبان بوده و از مؤلفه‌های مهم فرایند یادگیری است نیز میانگین پایینی کسب کردند. از نظر معیارهای انگیزشی، پرورش مهارت‌های تفکر، برانگیختن آگاهی و توجه نیز میانگینهای پایینی به دست آمد. در انتها، پیشنهاد‌هایی به‌منظور بهبود کتاب ازجمله توجه به تعمیم یادگیری به محیط‌های بیرون کلاس، پرورش تفکر و انگیزش آگاهی در متن‌های انتخابی، تمرین‌ها و تکالیف ارائه شدهاند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A content analysis of selected chapters of the English textbooks for Iranian junior high schools (prospects) based on the four main processes of generative model of learning according to views of English language experts and teachers
نویسنده [English]
- Farzaneh Dehghan
Department of Foreign Languages, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The present study is an attempt to analyze the content of Prospect textbooks taught at the Iranian junior high schools according to the generative learning framework. Based on the four main processes of generative theory (motivation, learning, meaning making, generation), a checklist was developed. Four experts in TEFL and 21 English teachers were asked to analyze 9 selected lessons from the books. The content validity of the checklist was confirmed by the 4 experts and the intra- and inter-rater reliability indices showed a significant reliability level. Then, interval evaluation was used for the analysis of the obtained means. The results showed that the textbooks were evaluated as successful according to the generation criterion, moderate regarding meaning making criterion and weak in terms of learning and motivation criteria. Furthermore, the books were evaluated as weak regarding their generalizability power to non-learning contexts (which is an important aspect of communicative approaches) as well as motivation, developing thinking skills and raising awareness and attention criteria. Some suggestions are made for the improvement of generalizability of learning to out-of-class contexts, thinking skills and motivation in texts, exercises and tasks.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Communicative language teaching
- Content Analysis
- Generative Learning Theory
- Iranian Junior High Schools
- Prospect Textbooks
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